Several factors can trigger microglial activation, including:
1. Infections: Pathogens like bacteria and viruses can activate microglia through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). 2. Trauma: Physical injury to the CNS can lead to microglial activation as part of the inflammatory response aimed at facilitating repair. 3. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis are associated with chronic microglial activation, which can contribute to disease progression.
