Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a diverse class of RNA molecules that are transcribed from DNA but are not translated into proteins. Despite their lack of protein-coding potential, ncRNAs play crucial roles in gene regulation, chromatin structure, and cellular processes. The major types of ncRNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs).
