Lipid mediators are synthesized through enzymatic reactions involving several key enzymes. For instance, the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes is catalyzed by cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), while leukotrienes are produced via the action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). These enzymes convert arachidonic acid, which is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), into various lipid mediators.
