There are several techniques used in cytogenetic studies, including: - Karyotyping: This involves staining and visualizing chromosomes under a microscope to detect structural changes. - Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH): FISH uses fluorescent probes that bind to specific parts of chromosomes, allowing for the detection of genetic abnormalities. - Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH): This technique compares the DNA of a test sample to a reference sample to identify differences. - Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): Although primarily used for sequencing, NGS can also be used to detect chromosomal abnormalities.
