How does tissue microenvironment affect infection outcomes?
The tissue microenvironment, which includes factors like pH, oxygen levels, and the presence of antimicrobial peptides, affects infection outcomes. For example, the acidic environment of the stomach usually inhibits microbial growth, protecting against gastrointestinal infections. Hypoxic conditions in certain tissues can limit pathogen replication, but they can also impair immune cell function. Additionally, tissues produce various antimicrobial peptides that can directly kill pathogens or inhibit their growth. Disruptions in these microenvironmental factors can lead to increased susceptibility to infections.
