How Do Cytokines Influence Tissue Repair and Regeneration?

Cytokines are integral in the process of tissue repair and regeneration. Growth factors such as VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) and PDGF stimulate the proliferation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts, respectively, aiding in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and the synthesis of the extracellular matrix. IL-4 and IL-13 are also involved in promoting the repair processes by stimulating the activity of various cell types, including macrophages and fibroblasts.