While CD31 is a valuable marker for endothelial cells, there are some limitations to its use. CD31 is also expressed on certain other cell types, such as platelets and some leukocytes, which can complicate the interpretation of staining results. Additionally, variations in antibody specificity and staining protocols can affect the accuracy and reproducibility of CD31 detection. Therefore, it is often used in conjunction with other endothelial markers, such as VE-cadherin or Von Willebrand Factor (vWF), to confirm the endothelial nature of the cells being studied.
