Biofilms are clinically significant because they are highly resistant to antibiotics and the immune system. This resistance arises due to the physical barrier provided by the EPS matrix, altered microenvironment within the biofilm, and the presence of persister cells that are in a dormant state. Biofilms are implicated in various chronic infections, such as cystic fibrosis lung infections, chronic wounds, and infections associated with indwelling medical devices like catheters and implants.
