Cholinergic neurons share the basic structure of typical neurons but have unique features. They consist of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. The soma contains the nucleus and is rich in organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the axon propagates the signal to other cells. Cholinergic neurons are characterized by the presence of vesicles filled with acetylcholine.