The cerebral cortex is traditionally divided into six distinct layers, numbered from I to VI, starting from the outermost layer next to the pia mater to the innermost layer adjacent to the white matter. Each of these layers has specific types of neurons and patterns of connections:
1. Layer I (Molecular Layer): This layer contains few neurons and is primarily composed of dendrites and axons from underlying cells. 2. Layer II (External Granular Layer): Contains small pyramidal neurons and numerous stellate neurons. 3. Layer III (External Pyramidal Layer): Rich in medium-sized pyramidal neurons. 4. Layer IV (Internal Granular Layer): Characterized by densely packed stellate neurons; prominent in sensory areas. 5. Layer V (Internal Pyramidal Layer): Contains large pyramidal neurons, including Betz cells in the motor cortex. 6. Layer VI (Multiform Layer): Contains a mix of neuron types and lies just above the white matter.
