Exosomes are rich in lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The lipid composition primarily includes cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylserine. Proteins found in exosomes often include tetraspanins (such as CD9, CD63, and CD81), heat shock proteins, and MHC molecules. Additionally, exosomes carry various types of RNA, including mRNA, microRNA, and other non-coding RNAs, which can be transferred to recipient cells.
