The etiology of MDS is often multifactorial. Key causes include:
Genetic Mutations: Mutations in genes such as TET2, ASXL1, and SF3B1 are common in MDS patients. Environmental Factors: Exposure to benzene, radiation, and chemotherapy can increase the risk of developing MDS. Idiopathic: For many patients, no clear cause is identified, classifying the condition as primary or idiopathic MDS.
