Corneal edema can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, infection, increased intraocular pressure (as seen in glaucoma), and endothelial cell dysfunction. The endothelium is a monolayer of cells on the inner surface of the cornea that plays a crucial role in maintaining corneal dehydration and transparency. Dysfunction or loss of these cells can lead to an imbalance in fluid transport, resulting in edema.
