Mature TGF-β exerts its effects by binding to a heteromeric complex of transmembrane receptors known as TGF-β Receptor Type I (TβRI) and TGF-β Receptor Type II (TβRII). The binding of TGF-β to TβRII leads to the recruitment and phosphorylation of TβRI, which in turn propagates the signal inside the cell via Smad proteins and other signaling molecules.
