The functions of stellate cells vary based on their location:
Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSCs): These cells are pivotal in the liver's response to injury. They store vitamin A in lipid droplets and, upon activation, transform into myofibroblasts that produce extracellular matrix components, contributing to liver fibrosis. Pancreatic Stellate Cells (PSCs): PSCs play a significant role in pancreatic fibrosis and are involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. They secrete cytokines and growth factors that modulate the pancreatic tissue environment. Astrocytes: In the brain, astrocytes support neurons, maintain the blood-brain barrier, regulate blood flow, and participate in neurotransmitter recycling.
