HIF-1α is essential for various physiological and pathological processes:
Angiogenesis: HIF-1α upregulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is crucial for the formation of new blood vessels. Glycolysis: It enhances the expression of glycolytic enzymes, allowing cells to adapt to low oxygen by shifting from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Apoptosis: HIF-1α can either promote or inhibit apoptosis depending on the context, thus playing a role in cell survival. Tumorigenesis: Overexpression of HIF-1α is commonly observed in tumors, where it supports cancer cell survival and proliferation under hypoxic conditions.
