TPO levels can be measured using various immunoassays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). These tests are useful in diagnosing and managing conditions related to thrombocytopenia and thrombocythemia. Elevated TPO levels are often seen in conditions where platelet destruction is high, such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), while low TPO levels may be observed in conditions with ineffective thrombopoiesis.