PI3K activity is tightly controlled by various mechanisms. One of the key regulators is the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) protein, which dephosphorylates PIP3 to PIP2, thereby antagonizing PI3K signaling. Additionally, PI3K can be regulated by upstream activators such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
