NLRP3 functions by recognizing a broad spectrum of stimuli. Upon activation, NLRP3 interacts with the adaptor protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) and pro-caspase-1 to form the NLRP3 inflammasome. This complex then activates caspase-1, which subsequently cleaves pro-inflammatory cytokines such as pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their active forms, IL-1β and IL-18. These cytokines are crucial mediators of inflammation and help in orchestrating the immune response.
