NLRP3 has been implicated in numerous diseases due to its central role in inflammation. Dysregulation of NLRP3 activity can lead to chronic inflammatory conditions such as gout, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Additionally, gain-of-function mutations in the NLRP3 gene are associated with a group of rare, hereditary inflammatory disorders known as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). These include familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID).
