Initiator tRNA functions by binding to the small subunit of the ribosome along with initiation factors. This complex then attaches to the mRNA and scans for the start codon. Once the start codon is found, the large ribosomal subunit joins to form the complete ribosome, allowing translation to proceed. The initiator tRNA is unique in its ability to interact with initiation factors and the ribosome, distinguishing it from elongator tRNAs that participate in the elongation phase of protein synthesis.
