Histone modifications encompass various post-translational modifications, including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. These modifications occur on the histone tails and influence chromatin structure and gene expression. Histone acetylation, mediated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs), typically promotes gene expression by loosening chromatin. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) remove these acetyl groups, leading to chromatin condensation and gene repression.
