The function of pro angiogenic factors involves several steps:
1. Binding to Receptors: These factors bind to specific receptors on the endothelial cell surface. For example, VEGF binds to VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 receptors.
2. Signal Transduction: The binding activates intracellular signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, which lead to endothelial cell proliferation and migration.
3. Enzymatic Activity: Upregulation of enzymes like matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) occurs, which degrade the extracellular matrix, allowing endothelial cells to migrate and form new blood vessels.
