Several techniques are employed in cytopathology, including:
1. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): This minimal invasive technique involves using a thin needle to extract cells from a suspicious area, such as a lump or mass. The collected cells are then examined microscopically.
2. Exfoliative Cytology: Cells shed from body surfaces, such as the cervix (Pap smear), are collected and examined. This method is commonly used in cancer screening.
3. Cytospin Preparation: This technique concentrates cells from body fluids like cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, or urine, making it easier to study them under a microscope.
4. Liquid-Based Cytology: This modern approach involves suspending cells in a liquid medium, allowing for a more standardized and cleaner sample preparation compared to traditional smears.
