Several techniques are employed in cytogenetic analysis, each providing unique insights into the genetic material of cells. Some of the most commonly used techniques include:
Karyotyping: This technique involves staining and visualizing chromosomes under a microscope to detect structural abnormalities like deletions, duplications, and translocations. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH): FISH uses fluorescent probes to bind specific DNA sequences, allowing for the detection of genetic abnormalities at the molecular level. Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH): CGH compares the DNA content of a test sample with a reference sample to identify gains or losses in chromosomal regions. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): NGS provides a high-resolution analysis of genetic material, enabling the identification of minute genetic variations and mutations.
