In histological studies, several special stains and immunohistochemical markers are crucial for identifying carcinoid tumors. Commonly used stains include:
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) - The basic stain for initial examination. Chromogranin A - A marker for neuroendocrine cells. Synaptophysin - Another neuroendocrine marker. Ki-67 - A marker for cellular proliferation, used to assess tumor grade. S100 - Sometimes used to rule out other types of tumors.
