What Role Does the Microenvironment Play in Carcinogenesis?
The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. It consists of various cellular and non-cellular components, including fibroblasts, immune cells, blood vessels, extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules. The interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment can promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. For example, cancer-associated fibroblasts can secrete growth factors and extracellular matrix components that support tumor progression. Additionally, inflammatory cells can release cytokines and chemokines that create a pro-tumorigenic environment.
