The differentiation of proerythroblasts into mature erythrocytes is tightly regulated by several factors. Erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia, is a crucial regulator that promotes erythroid progenitor survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Additionally, transcription factors such as GATA-1, FOG-1, and KLF1 play essential roles in regulating the gene expression required for erythroid differentiation.
