The periodontium consists of the structures that support the teeth, including the gingiva (gums), periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and alveolar bone. During orthodontic treatment, forces applied to the teeth are transmitted to the periodontium, which leads to remodeling of these tissues. The periodontal ligament is particularly important as it contains collagen fibers, fibroblasts, blood vessels, and nerve endings that respond to the mechanical forces.
