What is the Histological Composition of Lipid Plaques?

Histologically, lipid plaques consist of a core rich in lipids and cholesterol crystals surrounded by a fibrous cap. The core contains foam cells, which are macrophages that have engulfed lipids. The fibrous cap is composed of smooth muscle cells and collagen, providing structural integrity to the plaque. In addition to these components, plaques may also contain inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and necrotic debris. The presence of these cellular components can be visualized using histological staining techniques like Oil Red O and Sudan Black, which specifically stain lipids.