The formation of lipid plaques is a complex process that begins with damage to the endothelial lining of the arteries. This damage can be caused by various factors, including high blood pressure, smoking, and high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood. Once the endothelial cells are damaged, lipids and other substances can infiltrate the arterial wall. Over time, these materials accumulate to form a plaque. The plaque may eventually calcify, leading to further rigidity of the vessel wall.
