What is the Difference Between M1 and M2 Macrophages?
M1 macrophages, also known as classically activated macrophages, are induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). They are characterized by high production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, and are involved in the defense against pathogens and tumor cells. In contrast, M2 macrophages are induced by IL-4 and IL-13 and are involved in anti-inflammatory responses, tissue repair, and regulation of the immune system.
