Several factors influence the toxicity of nanoparticles:
1. Size and Shape: Smaller nanoparticles have a larger surface area to volume ratio, which can increase their reactivity and potential for toxicity. The shape of nanoparticles also affects their interaction with biological tissues.
2. Surface Chemistry: The chemical composition and surface coatings of nanoparticles can alter their biological interactions, making them either more or less toxic.
3. Dose and Exposure Duration: Higher doses and longer exposure times generally increase the risk of toxic effects.
