During cellular injury, several biochemical and structural changes occur within the cell:
ATP Depletion: Lack of energy production leads to failure of energy-dependent cellular processes. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Generation: Accumulation of ROS causes oxidative damage to cellular components. Calcium Influx: Increased intracellular calcium activates destructive enzymes. Mitochondrial Damage: Loss of mitochondrial function results in energy failure and release of pro-apoptotic factors. Lysosomal Membrane Damage: Release of hydrolytic enzymes leads to digestion of cellular components.
