The primary cells involved in glial scar formation are astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Astrocytes are the most prominent cell type in this response, and they undergo significant changes in morphology and function. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, also play a crucial role by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines that influence astrocyte behavior. OPCs contribute to the scar by differentiating into new oligodendrocytes that can remyelinate axons.
