Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases. They are characterized by the expression of the transcription factor FoxP3, which is essential for their development and function. Tregs can suppress the activation and proliferation of other immune cells, thereby ensuring that the immune system does not overreact to self-antigens or benign foreign antigens.
