There are several types of proton pumps, each with unique functions and mechanisms:
F-ATPase: Found in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacterial plasma membranes, primarily involved in ATP synthesis. V-ATPase: Located in vacuolar and endosomal membranes, responsible for acidifying various intracellular compartments. P-ATPase: Includes the H+-K+ ATPase in the gastric parietal cells and Na+/K+ ATPase in neurons. PPase: Found in plants, utilizing the energy from pyrophosphate hydrolysis to pump protons into vacuoles.
