Initiation occurs through a series of highly regulated steps involving genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms. Key factors include:
Gene expression: Specific genes are activated or repressed to guide cell differentiation. Signaling pathways: Chemical signals like growth factors and hormones direct cell behavior. Transcription factors: Proteins that control the conversion of DNA to mRNA, guiding the synthesis of proteins necessary for cellular functions. Cell-cell interactions: Direct contact between cells and their surrounding matrix influences their development.
