The WHO classification divides CNS tumors into several main categories based on their cell of origin and histological characteristics:
Gliomas: These tumors arise from glial cells and include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors: These tumors contain both neuronal and glial components, such as gangliogliomas and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors. Embryonal tumors: These are highly malignant tumors that occur primarily in children, such as medulloblastomas and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. Meningiomas: These tumors arise from the meninges, the protective layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Pituitary tumors: These include pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas. Other CNS tumors: This category includes a variety of rare tumors, such as hemangioblastomas and primary CNS lymphomas.
