The epidermis performs several essential functions:
- Protection: It acts as a physical barrier against mechanical injury, pathogens, and harmful chemicals. - Waterproofing: The stratum corneum prevents water loss, maintaining hydration. - UV Protection: Melanocytes in the basal layer produce melanin, which absorbs and dissipates ultraviolet radiation. - Sensory Reception: Merkel cells and free nerve endings in the epidermis contribute to the sensation of touch and pain. - Immune Defense: Langerhans cells detect and present antigens to T-cells, initiating an immune response.
