Light Microscopy: This is the most fundamental tool in histology. It uses visible light to illuminate tissue samples, allowing for the examination of tissue architecture and cell morphology. Techniques such as brightfield, phase contrast, and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy fall under this category.
Fluorescence Microscopy: This technique uses fluorescent dyes or proteins to label specific structures within tissues. It provides high specificity and sensitivity, making it ideal for studying subcellular components. Variations include confocal microscopy and two-photon microscopy, which offer improved resolution and depth penetration.
Electron Microscopy: This includes Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). TEM provides detailed images of the internal structure of cells at a very high resolution, while SEM offers 3D images of the tissue surface.
Multiphoton Microscopy: This allows imaging of live tissues at greater depths than traditional fluorescence microscopy. It is particularly useful for studying dynamic processes in living organisms.
Digital Pathology: This involves scanning tissue slides to create high-resolution digital images. These images can be analyzed using specialized software, allowing for remote consultation, quantitative analysis, and long-term storage.