The actin cytoskeleton is tightly regulated by a variety of mechanisms:
Rho Family GTPases: These signaling molecules regulate the formation of actin structures like filopodia and lamellipodia. Phosphoinositides: These lipids interact with actin-binding proteins to modulate actin dynamics. Calcium Ions: Calcium levels can influence the activity of actin-binding proteins, affecting filament stability and organization. ATP/ADP Cycle: The binding and hydrolysis of ATP by actin monomers regulate their polymerization and depolymerization.
