The mechanisms of cellular toxicity can vary depending on the toxic agent. Common mechanisms include:
Oxidative stress: An imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, leading to cellular damage. Mitochondrial dysfunction: Impairment of the mitochondria, affecting cellular energy production. Disruption of cell membranes: Damage to cellular membranes, causing loss of integrity and function. Interference with protein synthesis: Inhibition of protein production, affecting cellular functions and repair mechanisms.
