Developmental Biology: ESCs are used to study the early stages of embryonic development and the formation of different tissues. Disease Modeling: ESCs can be used to create models of genetic diseases, allowing researchers to study disease mechanisms at the cellular level. Regenerative Medicine: Due to their ability to differentiate into any cell type, ESCs hold potential for developing therapies to replace damaged or diseased tissues. Tissue Engineering: ESCs can be directed to form specific cell types that can be used in bioengineering tissues for research or therapeutic purposes.