Leukemia Leukemia is a type of cancer that originates in the bone marrow and results in the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. Histologically, leukemia is characterized by a proliferation of immature blood cells, often leading to a crowded marrow space. This can be detected through histological staining techniques that highlight abnormal cell types.
Aplastic Anemia Aplastic anemia is a condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient new blood cells. Histologically, aplastic anemia is marked by a hypocellular marrow with increased fat spaces. This condition can be identified through a bone marrow aspirate showing reduced hematopoietic cells.
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) MDS are a group of disorders caused by poorly formed or dysfunctional blood cells. Histologically, these syndromes display dysplastic changes in the bone marrow cells, including abnormal nuclear shapes and sizes. MDS can progress to acute myeloid leukemia if untreated.
Multiple Myeloma Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that disrupts normal blood cell production. Histologically, it is characterized by the presence of numerous atypical plasma cells, often with eccentrically placed nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. Bone marrow biopsies can reveal these abnormal cells infiltrating the marrow space.
