What are the common histological markers to assess the effectiveness of DMARDs?
To assess the effectiveness of DMARDs, histologists look for several markers in tissue samples. These include a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells, decreased synovial hyperplasia, and lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6. Immunohistochemistry may also be used to measure the expression of specific markers like CD68 for macrophages and CD3 for T-cells.