The activity of UCP1 is tightly regulated by various factors. Sympathetic nervous system activation, particularly through norepinephrine, is a significant regulator. Norepinephrine binds to β-adrenergic receptors on brown adipocytes, initiating a cascade that activates UCP1. Additionally, certain hormones, such as thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids, can influence UCP1 expression. The regulation ensures that UCP1 activity is modulated according to the body's thermogenic needs.
