Abnormal regulation of TNF-α production is associated with a variety of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, and ankylosing spondylitis. In these conditions, elevated levels of TNF-α contribute to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. TNF-α is also implicated in the pathogenesis of septic shock due to its ability to induce fever, apoptosis, and the production of other inflammatory mediators.
