Synaptic density is typically measured using a combination of staining techniques and advanced imaging methods. One common approach is immunohistochemistry, where antibodies specific to synaptic proteins like synaptophysin or PSD-95 are used to label synapses. These stained samples are then examined under a fluorescence or confocal microscope to count the number of synapses per unit volume. Electron microscopy can also be used for more detailed and higher resolution measurements.
