Pre-mRNA undergoes several processing steps, including:
1. Capping: A 5' cap is added to the beginning of the pre-mRNA to protect it from degradation and facilitate ribosome binding during translation. 2. Polyadenylation: A poly-A tail is added to the 3' end, which also aids in stability and export from the nucleus. 3. Splicing: Introns are removed, and exons are joined together by the spliceosome, a complex of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and proteins.
